What does "laser guidance" refer to in artillery?

"Laser guidance" in artillery specifically refers to the technique that utilizes laser target designators to guide munitions toward a precise target. This system employs a laser to illuminate a target, which allows laser-guided munitions, or guided bombs, to home in on that laser light for accurate strikes.

Using laser guidance enhances the effectiveness of artillery by significantly improving accuracy compared to conventional unguided munitions, thus reducing collateral damage and increasing the likelihood of hitting the intended target. This method is particularly beneficial in scenarios where precision is crucial, such as in urban combat or when engaging high-value targets located near friendly forces.

Other options do not specifically define laser guidance; they either describe broader aspects of artillery or focus on different methods of targeting and engagement. Therefore, the emphasis on laser target designators as a core component of laser guidance distinguishes this correct answer.